Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is caused by bacteria in the mouth. Left unchecked, it can lead to tooth loss. Some people are more prone to gum disease than others. Those who smoke, take certain medications (such as anti-convulsants), those with weak immune systems (because of cancer, HIV, or other conditions), and those with diabetes are more susceptible to gum disease.

Periodontal therapy is a type of treatment for gum disease that is non-surgical. Its priority is to control and manage periodontal diseases in order to avoid the need for surgery. Ultimately, the goal of periodontal therapy is to help restore optimal gum health, which, in turn, helps keep tooth loss at bay.